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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.

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Updated: May 27, 2026

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Published on: March 6, 2019

Gender Pay Equity in Pediatrics: Policy Statement.

Eva Catenaccio1, Jenifer R Lightdale2, Katherine Bline3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Pediatrics
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender pay gaps in pediatrics affect women physicians across all career stages. Addressing systemic bias and improving policies are crucial for achieving compensation equity and supporting the pediatric workforce.

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
06:15

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Published on: March 6, 2019

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Medical Economics
  • Pediatrics
  • Health Policy

Background:

  • Persistent gender-based pay inequities exist in pediatrics, impacting women physicians at all career levels.
  • These disparities are exacerbated when comparing pediatrics, a female-dominated field, with male-dominated adult medicine and surgery.
  • Factors contributing to these inequities include systemic bias, unequal access to professional development opportunities, and inadequate parental leave.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize evidence on gender pay inequities within pediatrics.
  • To identify the root causes contributing to these disparities.
  • To recommend strategies for achieving compensation equity in the field.

Main Methods:

  • This policy statement synthesizes existing evidence and research on gender pay gaps in pediatrics.
  • It analyzes contributing factors such as systemic bias, career advancement barriers, and work-life balance policies.
  • Recommendations are based on established research and best practices in health policy.

Main Results:

  • Gender pay inequities are prevalent in pediatrics, affecting women regardless of work hours, duties, or productivity.
  • Women-dominated subspecialties often experience workforce shortages and lower compensation for all practitioners.
  • Systemic issues like biased promotion practices and insufficient parental leave significantly contribute to the pay gap.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving pay equity is essential for the financial well-being and career satisfaction of women physicians.
  • Addressing these inequities is critical for building a diverse, sustainable, and fairly compensated pediatric workforce.
  • Implementing transparent pay practices, supportive leave policies, and equitable promotion is recommended to close the gender pay gap.