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Engineering the human placenta: Advances in modeling placental function.

Aarti Jayul Patel¹, Karina Vasile¹, Sien Yee Lau²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

|May 25, 2026

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Bioengineered placental models, including organoids and organ-on-a-chip systems, offer new ways to study placental biology and obstetric complications. These advanced models improve understanding of maternal-fetal interactions and inform new therapies.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Bioengineering
Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

The placenta is crucial for nutrient exchange, hormone production, and immune regulation.
Studying placental biology is challenging due to its complex structure and function.
Obstetric complications are often linked to placental dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in bioengineered placental models.
To highlight how these models overcome limitations of traditional systems.
To discuss their application in studying placental physiology and maternal-fetal medicine.

Main Methods:

Microfluidic and organ-on-a-chip systems
Spheroid and organoid models
Bioengineered scaffolds and in silico models

Keywords:

Cytotrophoblast Maternal-fetal barrier Modeling Organ-on-a-chip Placenta Syncytiotrophoblast

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Main Results:

These models mimic the maternal-fetal barrier and trophoblast behavior.
They allow investigation of transport mechanisms.
They provide physiologically relevant platforms for research.

Conclusions:

Advanced bioengineered models are revolutionizing placental research.
These platforms enhance understanding of placental function and dysfunction.
They hold promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies in maternal-fetal medicine.