Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of vitamin D on the colon cancer immune microenvironment: results of a randomized clinical trial of preoperative vitamin D supplementation in patients with stage I-III colon cancer.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same author

Compositional Tunability and Framework-Charge Modulation in Pore-Space-Partitioned Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Clinical and pathological analysis of pediatric patients with primary pulmonary tumors at a single center.

Biomedical reports·2026
Same author

The cholesterol-dependent cytolysin promotes <i>Streptococcus</i> systemic spread and induces arachidonic acid accumulation-mediated lethality in a murine intraperitoneal infection model.

Infection and immunity·2026
Same author

Development of a High-Resolution Melting (HRM)-Based Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay of PEDV, TGEV, PoRV, PDCoV, PRV, and PRRSV.

Transboundary and emerging diseases·2026
Same author

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of pancreatic cancer: an analysis of 2.3 million participants in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (DCPP).

European journal of epidemiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Ligand-Symmetry-Driven Metal-Cluster Rotation for Accessing Compressed Pore Regimes in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Ziyang Jia1, Wei Wang1, Chen Yuan1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method to control pore size in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by adjusting ligand symmetry, leading to improved gas separation. This approach enhances acetylene uptake and selectivity, overcoming common trade-offs in porous material design.

More Related Videos

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Conventional isoreticular chemistry for tuning pore dimensions in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) relies on linker length or substituents.
  • This traditional approach has limitations, restricting access to certain pore sizes and geometries.
  • A new design variable is needed to overcome these constraints in MOF engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish coordination symmetry as a key design variable for unit-cell compression in pore-partitioned MOFs (pacs).
  • To demonstrate how ligand symmetry influences metal cluster rotation and framework contraction.
  • To improve gas separation performance by enhancing both adsorption capacity and selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized pacs MOFs using positional isomers of tris(pyridyl) ligands (D3h vs. C3h symmetry) to induce controlled metal cluster rotation.
  • Utilized curvature-encoded dicarboxylate linkers to define a metal-cluster rotation window.
  • Investigated the effect of donor-position symmetry on framework contraction and gas adsorption properties.

Main Results:

  • Ligand symmetry replacement induced systematic unit-cell contraction (up to ~15% volume reduction) via metal cluster rotation without altering topology.
  • Symmetry-controlled compression enhanced framework stability and significantly improved gas separation performance.
  • Achieved simultaneous increases in acetylene (C2H2) uptake and C2H2/CO2 or C2H2/C2H4 selectivity, overcoming typical trade-offs. Ni3-24fdc-3tpt demonstrated record selectivities (42.35 for C2H2/CO2, 25.14 for C2H2/C2H4).

Conclusions:

  • Ligand-symmetry-driven metal-cluster rotation offers a general and predictive route for compressing MOF pores beyond conventional methods.
  • This strategy expands the scope of isoreticular chemistry, enabling access to novel pore regimes.
  • The developed MOFs show excellent potential for industrial gas separations, particularly for acetylene purification.