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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However, invadopodia can...
Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...

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High-resolution Time-lapse Imaging and Automated Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
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The V-ATPase/ATG16L1 axis drives membrane remodeling during epithelial morphogenesis.

Gabriel Baonza1,2, Tatiana Alfonso-Pérez3,4, Carlos Quintana-Quintana1,2

  • 1Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.

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Noncanonical autophagy, specifically CASM, is crucial for forming single lumens during epithelial development. This pathway coordinates membrane remodeling essential for organogenesis and lumen resolution.

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Published on: August 13, 2016

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epithelial tubulogenesis is vital for organ formation, involving lumen development.
  • The role of autophagy in neural tube lumen formation remains largely unknown.
  • Autophagy has canonical (degradative) and noncanonical pathways, including CASM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of autophagy, particularly noncanonical pathways, in epithelial lumen resolution.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy influences epithelial morphogenesis.
  • To determine the distinct contributions of canonical and noncanonical autophagy in development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human neural tube organoids, MDCK cysts, and epithelial tube micropatterns.
  • Created models with selective deficiencies in canonical or noncanonical autophagy.
  • Employed molecular and cellular analyses to study membrane remodeling and lumen formation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that CASM (Conjugation of ATG8 to Single Membranes) is essential for epithelial lumen resolution.
  • Identified the V-ATPase/ATG16L1 axis as a key regulator coordinating junctional remodeling and endocytic pathways.
  • Showcased noncanonical autophagy as a spatially restricted mechanism governing epithelial morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Noncanonical autophagy, via CASM, is indispensable for proper epithelial lumen resolution.
  • The V-ATPase/ATG16L1 axis plays a critical role in coordinating membrane dynamics for single-lumen formation.
  • Autophagy pathways contribute distinctly and hierarchically to developmental processes like epithelial morphogenesis.