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Related Concept Videos

System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Sensory Memory01:14

Sensory Memory

Sensory memory captures information from the environment in its original form for a very brief duration, just long enough to be exposed to visual, auditory, and other senses. This type of memory is detailed and rich but quickly lost unless certain strategies are employed to transfer it into short-term or long-term memory. Sensory information is continuously bombarding the human brain, yet only a small fraction is absorbed, as most of it does not significantly impact daily life. For instance,...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Fixation duration on natural scenes is explained by memory encoding not processing demand.

Philip Sulewski1,2, Carmen Amme3, Martin N Hebart4,5,6

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany. phsulewski@gmail.com.

Nature Neuroscience
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain

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Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
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Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Memory Encoding

Background:

  • The brain controls eye movements, deciding how long to fixate on visual information before shifting gaze.
  • Understanding the factors influencing fixation duration is crucial for comprehending visual attention and information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether eye movement fixation durations are determined by perceptual processing limits or memory encoding demands.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying fixation duration control during scene viewing.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale scene-viewing experiment involving magnetoencephalography (MEG), eye tracking, and a semantic captioning task.
  • Multivariate analysis of MEG source-space patterns, behavioral analyses, and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling.
  • Analysis of ventral stream representational dynamics and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling.

Main Results:

  • Fixation durations were not explained by the temporal variability of ventral stream representational dynamics.
  • Longer fixation durations correlated positively with ANN-predicted patch memorability and caption-inclusion.
  • Fixation durations were anticorrelated with ANN-estimated patch classification difficulty and associated with increased theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in frontal and hippocampal regions.

Conclusions:

  • Eye movement timing decisions are primarily driven by memory encoding demands, not perceptual processing limitations.
  • The findings suggest a distinct role for memory processes in regulating the duration of visual fixations.