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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Evaluation of Fluid Overload by Bioelectrical Impedance Vectorial Analysis
07:17

Evaluation of Fluid Overload by Bioelectrical Impedance Vectorial Analysis

Published on: August 17, 2022

Intratendon bioimpedance spectroscopy: a first step exploring reliability and sensitivity to change.

Patricia Beltrá1,2,3, Miguel Delicado Miralles1,4, Emilio Tomás-Muñoz1

  • 1Neuroscience in Physiotherapy (NiP), Independent Research Group, Elche, Alacant, Spain.

Peerj
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Intra-Tendon Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (IT-BIS) shows excellent short-term reliability for tendon assessment but needs standardization for longer-term use. This minimally invasive technique is sensitive to physiological changes and has minimal adverse effects, making it a promising tool.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Ultrasonography is the primary tool for macrostructural tendon evaluation.
  • Microstructural tendon analysis currently requires invasive biopsies.
  • A minimally invasive alternative is needed for detailed tendon assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability and sensitivity to change of Intra-Tendon Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (IT-BIS).
  • To explore IT-BIS as a less invasive method for tendon microstructural evaluation.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of IT-BIS in healthy volunteers.

Main Methods:

  • IT-BIS was performed on 40 healthy volunteers' patellar tendons using fine needles in a tetrapolar configuration.
  • Measurements were taken twice per session, with two sessions separated by at least two weeks.
Keywords:
Bioimpedance spectroscopyElectrical characterizationHealthy volunteersIntratendon bioimpedancePatellar tendonReliabilitySensitivity to change

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Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Evaluation of Fluid Overload by Bioelectrical Impedance Vectorial Analysis
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Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
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Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

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  • Intra- and inter-session reliability were assessed using ICC, SEM, and MDC.
  • Sensitivity to change was evaluated through needle insertion and percutaneous electrolysis.

    • Main Results:

    • IT-BIS demonstrated excellent intra-session reliability (ICCs 0.927-0.999) but poor-to-moderate inter-session reliability (ICCs 0.087-0.528).
    • The technique was sensitive to needle insertion effects at low frequencies and electrolysis effects at high frequencies.
    • Minimal and transient adverse effects were reported, with a 4.63% pain occurrence rate.

    Conclusions:

    • IT-BIS is a reliable tool for short-term tendon assessment but requires methodological standardization for inter-session reliability.
    • The technique shows promise as a safe, minimally invasive method for evaluating tendon microstructural changes.
    • IT-BIS is sensitive to acute physiological alterations in tendon tissue.