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Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

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Published on: August 8, 2019

Gender differences in objective and self-reported sleep.

Torbjörn Åkerstedt1,2, Johanna Schwarz1,2, Eva Lindberg3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Sleep Advances : a Journal of the Sleep Research Society
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women report poorer sleep quality than men but have better objective sleep. Men may underestimate awakenings, impacting their perceived sleep quality. This highlights potential gender differences in sleep perception.

Keywords:
PSGageawakeningspolysomnographyself-reported sleepsex

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Gender disparities in self-reported sleep quality are common.
  • The relationship between subjective sleep quality and objective polysomnography (PSG) findings requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in PSG variables.
  • To examine the association between objective sleep parameters and subjective sleep quality ratings.
  • To explore how the perception and duration of awakenings influence self-reported sleep quality.

Main Methods:

  • Home-based polysomnography (PSG) was conducted on 238 women and 238 men.
  • Participants provided sleep quality ratings for the recorded sleep night.
  • Statistical analyses, including ANOVAs, were used to compare groups and assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Women reported lower sleep quality but exhibited better objective sleep metrics (e.g., higher sleep efficiency, more N3 sleep).
  • Men underestimated their objective awakenings and had shorter objective time awake per awakening compared to women.
  • Men with short awakenings reported high sleep quality, unlike men with long awakenings or women.

Conclusions:

  • Women's poorer self-reported sleep quality contrasts with their better objective sleep, possibly due to differences in awakening perception.
  • Men's underestimation of short awakenings may explain their higher self-reported sleep quality.
  • Findings suggest a need for further research into gender-specific mechanisms of sleep perception and its impact on subjective sleep quality.