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Updated: May 27, 2026

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Published on: October 2, 2020
Hemothorax in Dialysis Patients: The Importance of History and Differential Diagnoses
Marina Cabrio1, Maria Clara Ribeiro Silva1, Murilo Vidotto Leite1
1Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Abstract:
Long-term double-lumen central venous catheters are commonly used in patients undergoing hemodialysis but may be associated with rare and serious complications, such as injury to large veins, for example the jugular or subclavian vein. We report the case of a 42-year-old man with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and a history of treated extrapulmonary tuberculosis who was found to have a massive, asymptomatic, left-sided hemothorax. Differential diagnoses included tuberculosis recurrence, mesothelioma, and iatrogenic vascular injury related to a long-term catheter. This case underscores the importance of careful clinical history and differential diagnosis when evaluating pleural effusion in dialysis patients.
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