Trauma-Induced Thyroid Storm After Road Traffic Accident Polytrauma

Thyroid storm (TS) is a rare, life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormones, often triggered by causes such as infection or surgery. Although rare, trauma can precipitate the transition from thyrotoxicosis to TS. Though typically seen in patients with known hyperthyroidism - especially Graves' disease - the onset of TS can be unpredictable and rapidly fatal if not promptly addressed. We present a 20-year-old male who developed TS following a road traffic accident. On arrival, the patient was in hypovolemic shock and subsequently underwent an emergency laparotomy and splenectomy for a grade V splenic injury. Despite intensive care unit (ICU) support, the patient showed persistent tachycardia, high fever (40.8°C), and reduced Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Thyroid function tests (TFT) confirmed biochemical thyrotoxicosis. This case highlights trauma as an uncommon but significant precipitant of TS, especially in patients unaware of underlying thyroid disease. Diagnostic delays may occur as symptoms mimic common post-trauma complications. In trauma patients with unexplained systemic instability, TS should be considered since early recognition and targeted treatment are vital to reduce morbidity and mortality.