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Predicting Injuries in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities in Supported Living: Development and Validation of Risk
Evangelia Petropoulou1, Dawn A Skelton2, Janet Finlayson2
1School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
Background:
Adults with intellectual disabilities experience disproportionately high injury rates, yet risk prediction in community-supported living remains underdeveloped. This study aimed to identify risk and protective factors and develop validated, population-specific screening tools.
Method:
A longitudinal cohort study of 536 adults with intellectual disabilities in supported accommodation in Scotland examined 68 intrinsic and extrinsic variables across retrospective (30-month) and prospective (12-month) periods. Multivariate logistic regression identified key predictors.
Results:
Independent risk factors for injury and fall-related injury included poor balance or coordination, polypharmacy, use of antiepileptic and antipsychotic medications, and restlessness. Protective factors included family co-residence and a diagnosed heart condition. Two tools, the Risk Injury Assessment Tool and Risk Fall-Injury Assessment Tool, demonstrated moderate-to-good predictive validity, particularly in excluding low-risk individuals.
Conclusions:
This study provides the first validated tools to assess injury and fall-related injury risk in adults with intellectual disabilities in community settings, supporting more equitable, preventive care.
