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Intellectual Disability

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...

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Predicting Injuries in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities in Supported Living: Development and Validation of Risk

Evangelia Petropoulou¹, Dawn A Skelton², Janet Finlayson²

¹School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities : JARID

|May 26, 2026

Summary

Adults with intellectual disabilities face high injury risks. New screening tools identify risk and protective factors, aiding preventive care in community settings.

Keywords:

community care falls injury intellectual disabilities predictive tool risk assessment supported living

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Disability Studies
Gerontology

Background:

Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience higher injury rates.
Risk prediction for injuries in community-supported living for this population is lacking.
Need for validated screening tools specific to adults with ID.

Purpose of the Study:

Identify risk and protective factors for injury.
Develop and validate population-specific screening tools for injury risk.
Improve preventive care for adults with ID.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal cohort study of 536 adults with ID in supported accommodation.
Examined 68 intrinsic and extrinsic variables over retrospective and prospective periods.
Multivariate logistic regression used to identify key predictors.

Main Results:

Key risk factors identified: poor balance, polypharmacy, specific medications (antiepileptic, antipsychotic), restlessness.
Protective factors: family co-residence, diagnosed heart condition.
Developed Risk Injury Assessment Tool and Risk Fall-Injury Assessment Tool with moderate-to-good predictive validity.

Conclusions:

First validated tools for assessing injury and fall-related injury risk in community-dwelling adults with ID.
Aids in more equitable and preventive healthcare strategies.
Supports targeted interventions for high-risk individuals.