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Related Concept Videos

Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can exist in...
Fibril-associated Collagen01:11

Fibril-associated Collagen

Fibril-associated collagens are a type of collagens present in the extracellular matrix with interrupted triple helices or FACIT (Fibril-associated collagens interrupted triple-helices). FACIT help connect and attach the collagen fibrils with each other as well as with other proteins of the extracellular matrix.
For example, the type II collagen fibrils in cartilage have covalently bound type IX fibril-associated collagens at regular intervals. Other types of fibril-associated collagens are...
Collagens are the Major Structural Proteins of ECM01:13

Collagens are the Major Structural Proteins of ECM

Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long, straight fiber. Collagen fibers, while flexible, have great tensile strength, resist stretching, and give ligaments and tendons their characteristic resilience and strength. These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the body's movement.
Connective tissue proper includes loose...
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Explant Model for Studying the Mechanobiology of Achilles Tendon Impingement
08:19

Murine Hind Limb Explant Model for Studying the Mechanobiology of Achilles Tendon Impingement

Published on: December 8, 2023

Collagen III Deficiency Following Injury in Female Murine Tendons Alters Matrix Composition, Structure, Organization

J A Carlson1,2,3, W Yen3, S N Weiss1

  • 1McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Type III collagen (COL3) deficiency impacts tendon healing by altering collagen fibril size, enhancing fiber alignment, and modifying macrophage activity. This influences tendon structure and mechanical function post-injury.

Keywords:
extracellular matrixinjurymatrix architecturemechanical propertiesremodelingscartendontype III collagen

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Explant Model for Studying the Mechanobiology of Achilles Tendon Impingement
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Published on: December 8, 2023

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Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons
10:09

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons

Published on: October 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Connective Tissue Biology
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Tendons possess a dense collagen matrix for force transmission but have limited healing capacity.
  • Scarring and loss of function often follow tendon injury due to poor cell recruitment and matrix remodeling.
  • The role of Type III collagen (COL3) in tendon healing is not well understood, unlike its known function in skin repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of COL3 in tendon healing using a murine model with reduced COL3 expression.
  • To analyze the effects of COL3 deficiency on collagen structure, cellular responses, and mechanical properties after tendon injury.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Col3a1 knockdown murine model (Col3a1+/-) and wild-type littermates (Col3a1+/+).
  • Assessed uninjured and injured tendons at various time points post-injury using histological, molecular, and mechanical analyses.
  • Quantified collagen fibril size and distribution, fiber alignment, myofibroblast presence, and macrophage populations.

Main Results:

  • COL3 deficiency altered collagen fibril distribution in uninjured tendons.
  • Injured COL3-deficient tendons showed altered fibril size dynamics and enhanced fiber alignment post-injury.
  • COL3 deficiency impacted myofibroblast and macrophage populations, with decreased anti-inflammatory macrophages early post-injury.
  • COL3 deficiency resulted in altered mechanical properties of injured tendons.

Conclusions:

  • COL3 plays a significant role in regulating the tendon microenvironment during healing.
  • COL3 influences collagen matrix architecture, cellular phenotypes, and inflammatory responses post-tendon injury.
  • Understanding COL3's role is crucial for developing strategies to improve tendon repair and restore function.