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Ultrasensitive Detection of Neurofilament Light in Plasma Using F(Ab')₂-Modified Graphene Field-Effect Biosensor.

Selvinaz Burcu Kizilates¹, Rica Asrosa^1,2, Lenart Senicar^1,3

¹Institute For Materials Discovery, University College London, London, UK.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|May 26, 2026

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Summary

A new graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor offers ultrasensitive detection of neurofilament light (NfL), a key biomarker for neurological diseases. This GFET platform shows high sensitivity and accuracy, approaching advanced methods for potential point-of-care diagnostics.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Biomarker Detection

Background:

Neurofilament light (NfL) is a crucial blood biomarker for neurological diseases.
Current NfL detection methods (Simoa, IP-MS) require complex equipment and specialized labs.
There is a need for accessible, sensitive NfL detection technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a robust on-chip graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensing platform for ultrasensitive NfL detection.
To enhance sensing performance using F(ab')2 antibody fragments and controlled surface immobilization.
To validate the GFET platform's performance against established methods for clinical samples.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor.

Keywords:

1‐Pyrenebutyric acid N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester Debye length F(ab’)2 antibody fragmentation biosensors graphene field‐effect transistors

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Immobilization of F(ab')2 antibody fragments onto the GFET surface, with quantitative surface density characterization.

Detection of NfL in buffer solutions and clinical plasma samples.

Comparison of GFET performance with Simoa technology.

Main Results:

The F(ab')2-modified GFET achieved a 114% increase in sensitivity and a fivefold improved limit-of-detection (LoD) of 0.18 pg/mL.
The biosensor demonstrated a wide dynamic detection range (0.18–1500 pg/mL), good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility.
GFET platform results for NfL in clinical plasma samples showed a high correlation (0.99) with Simoa technology.

Conclusions:

The developed GFET biosensing platform provides ultrasensitive and accurate detection of NfL.
This technology holds potential for point-of-care diagnosis and monitoring of neurological diseases.
GFETs offer a promising alternative to conventional immunoassays, approaching the sensitivity of advanced techniques like Simoa.