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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
09:28

Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Published on: January 10, 2017

Side-Chain Engineering Enabling Ion-In-Conjugation Polymers Built-In Moisture Resistivity Detection of NO2 at Room

Jia Wang1, Liangdan Zhao2, Xue-Feng Cheng3

  • 1College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Side-chain engineering in organic semiconductors enhances nitric dioxide (NO2) gas sensing. This approach improves moisture resistance, enabling ppb-level detection even in humid conditions without heating.

Keywords:
NO2 sensorion-in-conjugationmoisture resistivityroom temperatureside-chain engineering

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A Polyaniline-based Sensor of Nucleic Acids
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A Polyaniline-based Sensor of Nucleic Acids
07:58

A Polyaniline-based Sensor of Nucleic Acids

Published on: November 1, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Organic semiconductors offer high sensitivity and selectivity for gas sensing.
  • Moisture interference hinders the detection of nitric dioxide (NO2) at the parts per billion (ppb) level by these materials at room temperature.
  • Existing methods often require heating or hydrophobic layers, limiting practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address moisture interference in NO2 sensing using organic semiconductors.
  • To develop a side-chain engineering strategy for ion-in-conjugation (IIC) polymers.
  • To create high-performance NO2 sensors with inherent moisture resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced varying numbers of methyl groups (n=0/1/2) onto the phenyl ring of IIC polymers via side-chain engineering.
  • Investigated the sensing performance of modified polymers under different relative humidity levels (0-75%).
  • Utilized theoretical calculations to understand the mechanism of moisture resistance and NO2 adsorption.

Main Results:

  • The modified polymers stably detected NO2 at ppb levels across a wide humidity range (0-75%).
  • The p-PTS (n=1) sensor exhibited only a 10.3% decrease in NO2 response at room temperature.
  • The sensors demonstrated high selectivity for NO2 due to enhanced charge transfer and inherent moisture resistance.
  • Theoretical calculations confirmed that methyl groups improve backbone planarity and prevent water molecule access.

Conclusions:

  • Side-chain engineering of IIC polymers effectively mitigates moisture interference in NO2 sensing.
  • The developed sensors offer a promising approach for reliable ppb-level NO2 detection in challenging environments.
  • This work provides a foundation for creating robust gas sensors for diverse environmental conditions.