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Related Concept Videos

MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
Energy Stored in Capacitors01:10

Energy Stored in Capacitors

A parallel plate capacitor, when connected to a battery, develops a potential difference across its plates. This potential difference is key to the operation of the capacitor, as it determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store.
By integrating the equation that relates voltage and current in a capacitor, one can derive an equation for the voltage across the capacitor at any given time. This equation is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of capacitors in...
Energy Stored in a Capacitor01:12

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

When an archer pulls the string in a bow, he saves the work done in the form of elastic potential energy. When he releases the string, the potential energy is released as kinetic energy of the arrow. A capacitor works on the same principle in which the work done is saved as electric potential energy. The potential energy (UC) could be calculated by measuring the work done (W) to charge the capacitor.
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
Energy Stored in a Capacitor: Problem Solving01:26

Energy Stored in a Capacitor: Problem Solving

In 1749, Benjamin Franklin coined the word battery for a series of capacitors connected to store energy. Capacitors store electric potential energy that can be released over a short time. This property means capacitors have a wide range of applications.
Capacitor-discharge ignition is a type of ignition system commonly found in small engines where the energy released from a capacitor ignites an induction coil that, in turn, fires the spark plug.
To calculate the energy stored in a capacitor of...

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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

Published on: January 7, 2022

Tapping into Charge Storage with Operando-XPS Using a Multi-Layer Graphene Coplanar Capacitor and an Ionic Liquid

Ezgi Kutbay1, Merve Taner Camci2, Burak Ulgut1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Bilkent Univeristy, Ankara 06800, Turkey.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bias-induced electrosorption of ions on graphene electrodes alters surface potential. Increased Rubidium cation (Rb+) concentration enhances conductivity and creates bias asymmetry in ionic liquid electrolytes.

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Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material
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Published on: February 5, 2019

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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
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Published on: February 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrified interfaces are crucial in electrochemical devices.
  • Understanding ion behavior at electrode surfaces is key to optimizing performance.
  • Graphene electrodes offer unique properties for interfacial studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate surface population and electrical potentials on graphene electrodes under bias using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
  • To analyze the electrosorption dynamics of ions from an ionic liquid solution.
  • To correlate ion dynamics with changes in conductivity and interfacial properties.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze surface composition.
  • Graphene electrodes were studied in contact with an ionic liquid (TFSI-, DEME+, Rb+).
  • Electrical bias was applied to induce and monitor ion electrosorption and its effects.

Main Results:

  • Ion enrichment (electrosorption) at the graphene/vacuum interface was observed with increasing bias.
  • Binding energies shifted due to bias and ion screening effects.
  • Rubidium cation (Rb+) population increased, while DEME+ decreased, maintaining electroneutrality.
  • Induced currents increased significantly, driven by mobile Rb+ cations, leading to bias-dependent asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Electrosorption dynamics significantly influence surface composition and electrical properties of graphene electrodes.
  • The balance of anions and cations at electrified interfaces is critical for understanding their behavior.
  • These findings provide insights into the structure and dynamics of ionic liquids at electrode surfaces.