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Incidence and Risk Factors for Non-AIDS Comorbidities After COVID-19 in People Living With HIV in Atlanta, Georgia

Cecilia Castellano1, Caitlin A Moran1,2, Minh T Nguyen1,2

  • 1Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)
|May 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

People with HIV (PLWH) faced increased non-AIDS comorbidities (NACM) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV/AIDS Research

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects individuals with underlying health conditions.
  • People living with HIV (PLWH) have a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and may develop new health issues post-infection.
  • Risk factors and incidence of post-COVID non-AIDS comorbidities (NACM) in PLWH are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence of and identify risk factors for post-COVID non-AIDS comorbidities (NACM) in people living with HIV (PLWH).
  • To investigate the association between COVID-19 infection and the development of NACM in the PLWH population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Emory Center for AIDS Research Registry (March 2020–September 2022).
  • Assessed incidence and risk factors for 8 types of NACM (cardiometabolic, cardiovascular, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, lung, neurologic, and psychiatric diseases).
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Among 3540 PLWH, 7% contracted COVID-19.
  • COVID-19 positive participants had a higher baseline burden of NACM and a longer time to developing any NACM compared to COVID-19 negative participants.
  • The risk of developing any NACM was similar between COVID-19 positive and negative groups (HR: 0.65 [0.45, 0.93]).

Conclusions:

  • PLWH were at risk for incident NACM during the COVID-19 pandemic, irrespective of COVID-19 infection status.
  • Findings suggest the pandemic environment, not just infection, may increase comorbidities in PLWH, especially those with existing conditions.
  • Further research is needed due to the study's limited sample size.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19HIVnon-AIDS comorbidities

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