Research Progress of Laccase in Edible and Medicinal Fungi

This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the physiological functions, gene cloning, classification basis, and expression regulation mechanisms of laccase in edible and medicinal fungi. Laccase is a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase widely distributed in these fungi, characterized by broad-spectrum substrate catalytic activity and redox properties. It plays a central role in lignin degradation, pigment synthesis, and environmental pollutant treatment. Regarding gene cloning, researchers have successfully isolated and identified laccase genes from multiple species using techniques such as transcriptome sequencing, RACE amplification, and gene knockout. Expression regulation studies have revealed that laccase genes exhibit stage-specific expression patterns during mycelial growth, fruiting body development, and lignin degradation. In recent years, breakthroughs in genomics, transcriptomics, and gene editing technologies have greatly advanced research into the cloning, classification, and regulatory mechanisms of laccase genes. This article systematically reviews the diversity, clonal classification, and regulatory mechanisms of these genes, aiming to provide a reference for further research and industrial development of laccase in edible and medicinal fungi.