Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations Between Nutritional Status, Cognitive Performance, and Surrogate Metabolic Profiles in School-Aged Children.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Metabolic Changes After the Implementation of a Recreational Physical Activity Program at Mexican Elderly Adults' Welfare Homes.

Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Dengue Epidemiology in Mexico: Temperature as a Contributing Factor to National Dengue Trends.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Impact of a UV-C Multiemitter Disinfection System on Hospital Environmental Bioburden and Inactivation of Clinically Relevant Pathogens.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Chromatic Variants of Pityriasis Versicolor and Molecular Species Identification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

A Possible Recently Identified Evolutionary Strategy Using Membrane-Bound Vesicle Transfer of Genetic Material to Induce Bacterial Resistance, Virulence and Pathogenicity in <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

Relationship Between Onychomycosis and HIV: A Systematic Review.

Samantha Cruz-López1,2, Emiret Analy Albavera-Ramírez1,3, Roberto Arenas1

  • 1Micology Section, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) in people with HIV often occur with low CD4 counts, though can affect those with partial immune preservation. Trichophyton rubrum is a common cause.

Keywords:
HIVTrichophyton rubrumdistal lateral subungual onychomycosisonychomycosis

More Related Videos

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients
13:50

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

Published on: June 11, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients
13:50

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

Published on: June 11, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Onychomycosis presents unique challenges in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), often exhibiting severe or resistant forms.
  • Limited data exists on the epidemiology, causative agents, and immune status correlations of onychomycosis in the context of HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the association between onychomycosis and HIV.
  • To analyze prevalence, clinical features, etiologic agents, and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in HIV-positive individuals with onychomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was performed.
  • Searched databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Scilit) for studies from October 2015 to July 2025.
  • Included case reports, case series, and observational studies of confirmed onychomycosis in people with HIV.

Main Results:

  • Thirty studies involving 1296 patients were analyzed; 306 had detailed clinical data.
  • The majority of cases originated in the Americas, predominantly affecting males.
  • Of 123 patients with CD4+ counts, 52% had counts below 200 cells/µL, with 18 below 50 cells/µL. *Trichophyton rubrum* was the most common pathogen.

Conclusions:

  • Onychomycosis in HIV-positive individuals displays diverse etiologies.
  • The condition frequently impacts patients with advanced immunosuppression but can also occur with preserved immunity.
  • Further standardized prospective research is necessary to elucidate these associations.