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Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Novel Hyperchaotic Map and 3D Histogram Model.

Xiaoqiang Zhang1, Pengfei Chen1, Xueheng Zhang1

  • 1School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
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This study introduces a novel image encryption algorithm using a chaotic map and 3D histogram for secure online transmission. The method enhances security and efficiency for digital images.

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cryptography
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Digital image transmission over the internet faces significant risks of information leakage.
  • There is a growing need for secure image transmission and real-time communication methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel image encryption algorithm that ensures secure image transmission and real-time communication.
  • To enhance the security and efficiency of digital image encryption.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a novel two-dimensional chaotic map with superior chaotic performance and a wider parameter range.
  • Extension of the original image to three dimensions followed by 3D simultaneous scrambling-diffusion.
  • Application of a 2D exclusive OR (XOR) operation for further diffusion and merging of the 3D matrix to obtain the encrypted image.
Keywords:
3D histogramchaotic systemimage encryptionsimultaneous scrambling–diffusion

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Main Results:

  • Encrypted images exhibit uniform histograms and pass the Chi-square test.
  • High information entropy (>7.9992) and strong resistance to differential attacks, indicated by high Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) (99.6137) and Uniform Average Change Intensity (UACI) (33.4783).
  • Efficient encryption process, with a 512x512 image encrypted in approximately 0.7 seconds.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed algorithm offers high security, excellent encryption performance, and high efficiency.
  • It is well-suited for image transmission over network platforms, addressing the need for secure and real-time communication.
  • The novel chaotic map and 3D histogram approach provide a robust solution for modern digital image security challenges.