Evolving Management Approaches Toward Personalized Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Narrative Review

After many years of stagnation in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there is currently a rapid move towards personalized medicine. Improvements in molecular diagnostics, risk assessment tools, targeted therapies, overall patient fitness assessments, and quality-of-life assessments have significantly changed how patients are treated. Genetic and molecular analyses, risk and health assessments, and measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring are now integral to the treatment plan for evaluating patient responses and recurrence. In this regard, lower-intensity treatments are provided to older or unfit individuals. On the other hand, younger patients are usually subjected to curative therapies such as intensive chemotherapy to induce remission. Depending on their fitness and disease risk, they can be considered for hematopoietic cell transplantation, which is done after close observation for MRD. In addition, newer therapeutic drugs and immunotherapy techniques are being applied for patient management. Tremendous strides have been made in improving the efficiency of treatment programs in the relatively new area of personalized AML therapy, with a focus on functionality.