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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Directed Induction of Retinal Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
06:38

Directed Induction of Retinal Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 21, 2021

Direct Chemical Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts into Retinal Progenitor-like Cells for Ocular Delivery.

Yueh-Chang Lee1,2,3, Pei-Lun Lai3,4, Chien-Ying Lai3

  • 1Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970374, Taiwan.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
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Direct chemical reprogramming converted human fibroblasts into retinal progenitor-like cells. These induced cells showed molecular and functional retinal features, tolerating in vivo transplantation short-term.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Direct chemical reprogramming offers a non-genetic method for generating specific cell types.
  • Retinal progenitor cells are crucial for retinal development and repair.
  • Fibroblasts are readily accessible somatic cells for reprogramming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct chemical reprogramming of human fibroblasts into retinal progenitor-like cells.
  • To assess the molecular and functional characteristics of these induced cells.
  • To evaluate the in vivo safety and integration of reprogrammed cells in a rodent model.

Main Methods:

  • Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were treated with a small-molecule cocktail.
  • Induced cells were characterized using immunofluorescence, qPCR, Western blot, and RNA sequencing.
Keywords:
cell engineeringdirect chemical reprogrammingintravitreal transplantationocular deliveryretinal progenitor-like cellssubretinal transplantation

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Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells
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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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  • Functional assessment involved glutamate-evoked calcium imaging.
  • In vivo studies utilized intravitreal and subretinal transplantation in rats, followed by OCT, ERG, and histology.

    • Main Results:

    • Reprogramming successfully induced retinal progenitor-like cells expressing neural and retinal markers (e.g., VSX2).
    • Induced cells exhibited glutamate-responsive intracellular calcium dynamics.
    • Subretinal transplantation showed localized retinal structural alterations, with no significant functional ERG changes observed.
    • Human nuclei were detected within retinal regions post-transplantation, indicating cell survival and distribution.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct chemical reprogramming can generate retinal lineage-associated cells from fibroblasts.
    • Induced cells possess molecular and functional properties relevant to retinal progenitor cells.
    • Short-term in vivo tolerability was observed, suggesting potential for future therapeutic applications in retinal diseases.