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Reporting of Y Balance Test Measurement Procedures in Reliability and Validity Studies: A Scoping Review
Hiroto Takahashi1,2, Tatsuya Igawa2, Ryunosuke Urata3
1Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 26, 2026
Summary
The Y Balance Test (YBT) shows inconsistent measurement reporting across studies. Standardizing YBT protocols is crucial for reliable dynamic balance assessments in clinical and sports settings.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics and Movement Science
- Clinical Assessment Tools
- Sports Medicine Research
Background:
- The Y Balance Test (YBT) is a common tool for assessing dynamic balance and lower-limb function.
- Variability in YBT measurement procedures across studies hinders interpretation of reliability and validity.
- Standardization is needed for consistent application and comparison of YBT results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and map the reporting of participant characteristics and measurement procedures in YBT reliability and validity studies.
- To identify heterogeneity in YBT protocols and highlight areas needing greater consistency.
- To inform the development of standardized reporting guidelines for the YBT.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review conducted following PRISMA extension and Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.
- Searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and clinical trial registries up to September 2025.
- Extracted data on participant attributes and key measurement procedures from 32 observational studies (1701 participants).
Main Results:
- Significant heterogeneity observed in YBT measurement procedures and participant reporting.
- Practice trials and error criteria were commonly reported, unlike warm-up, rest periods, heel lift, and trial order.
- Gaps identified in reliability/validity studies and research on injured/clinical populations.
Conclusions:
- Inconsistent YBT reporting limits interpretability and comparability of findings.
- Greater transparency and consistency in YBT measurement protocols are essential.
- Standardized reporting guidelines will enhance evidence synthesis and clinical utility of the YBT.
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