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Updated: May 28, 2026

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
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Optimized SPE-UPLC-MS/MS Method for Sensitive Determination of Cereulide in Complex InfantFormula Matrices.

Zixiao Zhou1, Ziyi Wang1, Chundi Mu2

  • 1Department of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.

Toxins
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

A new method accurately detects cereulide, a toxin from Bacillus cereus, in infant formula. This advance enhances food safety for infants by providing a reliable tool for monitoring contamination.

Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cereulide, a heat-stable toxin from *Bacillus cereus*, causes emetic syndrome.
  • Infant formula contamination with cereulide poses health risks due to infants' immature systems.
  • Existing analytical methods struggle with infant formula matrices, showing poor sensitivity and large deviations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a matrix-specific, sensitive, and reliable analytical method for cereulide in infant formula.
  • To address the challenges posed by infant formula's unique composition and processing.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).
  • Incorporation of a hydration-assisted extraction step tailored for infant formula.
Keywords:
SPEUPLC-MS/MScereulideinfant formula

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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  • Optimization of SPE clean-up and chromatographic conditions to minimize matrix effects and enhance reproducibility.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.999) over the range of 0.1-10 μg·L⁻¹.
    • Achieved low limits of detection (0.03 μg·kg⁻¹) and quantification (0.1 μg·kg⁻¹).
    • Reported acceptable recoveries (94.4-110.3%) with high precision (RSDs < 3.7%).
    • Successfully applied to commercial infant formula, identifying positive samples.

    Conclusions:

    • The SPE-UPLC-MS/MS method with hydration-assisted extraction is a reliable tool for cereulide determination in infant formula.
    • This method improves food safety surveillance and risk assessment for infant exposure to cereulide.
    • The validated method overcomes limitations of existing techniques for this specific matrix.