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Association Between the Introduction of Pediatric Influenza Vaccination and Influenza Diagnoses in Primary Care and

Sílvia Burgaya-Subirana1,2, Anna Ruiz-Comellas2,3,4,5, Queralt Miró-Catalina5

  • 1Pediatrics Department, EAP Manlleu, Institut Català de la Salut, Central Catalonia Primary and Community Care Management, C/Castellot, 17, 08560 Manlleu, Spain.

Vaccines
|May 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Catalonia

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Influenza poses a significant public health burden, with vaccination being the primary prevention strategy.
  • Catalonia recommended influenza vaccination for children aged 6–59 months starting in the 2023–24 season.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a new pediatric influenza vaccination program on influenza diagnoses and hospitalizations.
  • To assess changes in influenza incidence across all age groups following the program's introduction.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was employed.
  • Data included all primary care influenza diagnoses and hospitalizations in Central Catalonia (Oct 2018–Aug 2025).
  • Segmented negative binomial regression models adjusted for temporal trends, COVID-19, and vaccination rollout.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant decrease in influenza diagnoses was observed in primary care for the 2–4 and 5–14 age groups.
  • Initial ITS analysis suggested a 13% reduction in expected influenza cases in primary care for ages 15–64, but this was not sustained upon sensitivity analysis.
  • No significant reduction in influenza cases or hospital admissions was found in the hospital setting.

Conclusions:

  • The early implementation of systematic pediatric influenza vaccination in Catalonia has not demonstrated a clear association with reduced influenza cases in primary care or hospital settings.
  • Further monitoring is needed to assess the long-term impact of the pediatric vaccination program on influenza epidemiology.
Abstract

Keywords:
hospitalizationsinfectionsinfluenzainfluenza vaccinepediatricssysteatic vaccination

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