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Modern Strategies for Brucellosis Vaccination: From Traditional Approaches to Innovative Platforms
Nurika Assanzhanova1, Kuandyk Zhugunissov1, Olga Chervyakova1
1Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding "QazBioPharm", Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan.
Vaccines
|May 26, 2026
Summary
Brucellosis vaccination is key to control this widespread zoonotic disease. This review analyzes modern vaccine strategies, highlighting promising vector vaccines and future directions like mRNA and mucosal vaccines for human and animal health.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Brucellosis is a significant global zoonotic disease affecting animals and humans, causing substantial socio-economic impact.
- Effective control relies heavily on vaccination strategies for both veterinary and human applications.
- Current global incidence estimates range from 1.6 to 2.1 million new cases annually.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review modern brucellosis vaccination strategies, encompassing various vaccine platforms.
- To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and applicability of these vaccines in both veterinary and human medicine.
- To explore the prospects of novel vaccine platforms and technologies for brucellosis prevention.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 1990 and 2025.
- Systematic analysis of existing studies on brucellosis vaccine types, including live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, vector, and DNA vaccines.
- Evaluation of immunological mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) diagnostics.
Main Results:
- Vector vaccines, specifically influenza virus-based (Flu-BA), show high promise with good immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety.
- Various vaccine platforms (live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, vector, DNA) have distinct immunological profiles, benefits, and drawbacks.
- Understanding protective immunity and DIVA diagnostics is crucial for effective vaccination programs.
Conclusions:
- Modern vaccination strategies are essential for controlling brucellosis, aligning with the "One Health" approach.
- Vector vaccines demonstrate significant potential, and emerging technologies like mRNA, nanoparticles, CRISPR/Cas9, and mucosal vaccines offer promising future directions.
- Interdisciplinary collaboration is vital for brucellosis monitoring, prevention, and control through advanced vaccination efforts.
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