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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Enhancing Disease Surveillance and Pharmacovigilance Practices for RTS,S/AS01<sub>E</sub> Malaria Vaccine Rollout in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi: Strategies, Impact, Challenges, and Lessons Learned.

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Innovative webinar-based training to support evidence-to-recommendation decision-making by national immunization technical advisory groups: multi-country experience with hexavalent vaccines.

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The 2025 Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Managers Meeting in West Africa: A Health Systems Analysis of a Decade of Stagnating Routine Immunization Performance.

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Health system stakeholders' perceptions of religious and socio-cultural influences on measles vaccine hesitancy in Madagascar: a qualitative study.

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Accelerating Evidence-Informed Vaccine Introductions: Lessons from the Hexavalent Early Adopters Workshop.

Kathryn L Hopkins1, Sidy Ndiaye2, Zeinebou Sidi Abdullah3

  • 1Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC 20006, USA.

Vaccines
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

African nations are preparing for a hexavalent vaccine switch, facing system challenges like data gaps and funding issues. Regional workshops foster collaboration, offering solutions for smoother vaccine introductions and system strengthening.

Keywords:
AfricaGavihealth system strengtheninghexavalent vaccineimmunization systemsimplementationpeer learningpolicy analysisvaccine introduction

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Health Systems Strengthening

Background:

  • Vaccine schedule transitions, such as the move to hexavalent vaccines in Africa by 2025, necessitate robust governance, data infrastructure, financing, and inter-sectoral cooperation.
  • This report details a workshop for early adopter countries on the hexavalent vaccine switch, examining its broader implications for vaccine introduction strategies in Africa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to the hexavalent vaccine in ten African countries.
  • To identify best practices and develop actionable tools for successful vaccine introduction and system strengthening.

Main Methods:

  • A practice analysis was performed using documented presentations, country case studies, problem-solving sessions, and national roadmap development.
  • A thematic framework based on ten key process points for the hexavalent vaccine switch guided the data synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Common system vulnerabilities identified include managing legacy and new vaccine stock, data completeness issues, underfunded safety surveillance, and financial uncertainties.
  • Early adopters showcased operational feasibility, logistical benefits, and reduced injection burden, developing tools like a Health System Adaptation Checklist and Switch Risk Mitigation Catalog.

Conclusions:

  • Regional peer-learning platforms can expedite decision-making, enhance operational quality, and improve accountability for new vaccine introductions.
  • Collaborative, cross-country efforts can leverage vaccine product switches as opportunities for scalable health system strengthening.