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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
07:36

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2021

Targeting UBE2F induces a resilience program enhancing CD8 T cell immunity.

Xiaonan Ma1,2,3,4, Henan Guo1,2,3, Yuting Jia2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms and Drug Development of Allergic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ablating UBE2F, a neddylation enzyme, enhances CD8 T cell resilience and longevity. This improves immune responses against viruses and tumors by boosting self-renewal and survival.

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Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
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Published on: May 27, 2011

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Memory CD8 T cells (TMEM) and exhausted CD8 T cells (TEX) are crucial for fighting infections and cancer.
  • Their therapeutic use is limited by poor persistence and sustained function.
  • Effective strategies to prolong CD8 T cell longevity are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of UBE2F in CD8 T cell longevity.
  • To identify mechanisms for enhancing CD8 T cell persistence and function.
  • To explore novel strategies for improving antiviral and antitumor immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized gene ablation of UBE2F in CD8 T cells.
  • Analyzed CD8 T cell resilience, self-renewal, and survival.
  • Investigated the UBE2F-CUL5-JUNB-IL-2Rβ signaling axis.
  • Assessed viral and tumor control in vivo.

Main Results:

  • UBE2F ablation induced a resilience program in both TMEM and TEX cells.
  • This resilience enhanced CD8 T cell self-renewal and survival without altering differentiation.
  • Mechanistically, UBE2F deficiency inhibited CUL5 neddylation, increasing JUNB and IL-2Rβ.
  • Increased IL-2Rβ sensitized cells to IL-15, conferring resilience and improving host defense.

Conclusions:

  • UBE2F is a key regulator of CD8 T cell longevity across memory and exhausted states.
  • The UBE2F-CUL5-JUNB-IL-2Rβ pathway offers a novel target for enhancing T cell-based immunotherapies.
  • This strategy holds promise for improving outcomes in viral infections and cancer treatment.