Comprehensive insight into nimbolide response against breast cancer treatment: present evidence, emerging strategy...

Breast cancer(BC) is a predominant malignancy, widely spread among women globally and has poor prognosis & clinical outcomes Conventional therapeutic approaches like surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy become insignificant due to the development of resistant clones, resilience in stemness, leads to metastasis and further relapse. Specifically, eradication of BC metastasis is challenging due to its intrinsic property of tumour cell plasticity, self-renewal ability and resistant to therapeutic agents. Therefore, systemic and targeted therapeutic approach becomes the primary focus in treatment regimen. Nimbolide a phytochemical derived from Azadirachta indica have demonstrated its potency as an antiproliferative, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic agent against a broad spectrum of different BC cell lines. Along with that, its antitumour activity has been validated by integrating its molecular mechanism emphasising different in-vitro/in-vivo studies on BC models. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of nimbolide as an intriguing therapeutic phytochemical marker for BC, with main emphasis on the in vitro and in vivo studies and on the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition to revealing the novel insights into the process of development of phytochemical on potent anticancer agents, this review seeks to come up with a scientific justification by focusing on current breakthroughs for the use of nimbolide in BC treatment with integration to nanotechnology.