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Updated: May 28, 2026

Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

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Published on: June 1, 2012

A colorimetric glucose sensor with gradient porous polyglycolic acid (PGA) microneedle array patch.

Yunfan Zhang¹, Zifan Xue¹, Boyu Qin²

¹The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.

Biomedical Microdevices

|May 26, 2026

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Controllable-pore porous microneedles for high-speed extraction and biomarker detection of interstitial fluid.

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This study introduces a novel microneedle sensor for rapid interstitial fluid glucose detection. The device offers accurate, colorimetric glucose monitoring for diabetes management.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Diabetes mellitus necessitates continuous glucose monitoring for effective management.
Current glucose sensing methods often involve invasive procedures or complex instrumentation.
Interstitial fluid (ISF) offers a viable alternative for non-invasive glucose detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel colorimetric glucose sensor utilizing a microneedle array patch (MAP) for ISF extraction and a functionalized film for sensing.
To fabricate a gradient porous polyglycolic acid (PGA) microneedle array patch (MAP) with tunable porosity for efficient ISF extraction.
To create a 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-functionalized porous PGA film for sensitive and accurate colorimetric glucose detection.

Main Methods:

Keywords:

Colorimetric glucose sensor Gradient porous structure Microneedle array patch Polyglycolic acid

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Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography

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Published on: November 17, 2015

Fabrication of a gradient porous PGA MAP using a solvent volatility method, avoiding residual agents.
Design of PGA MAP with gradient porosity (tip: 7.2%, substrate: 48.5%) for mechanical strength and hygroscopicity.
Development of a TMB-functionalized porous PGA film via co-precipitation for uniform TMB distribution and enzyme immobilization.
Evaluation of the sensor's performance, including ISF extraction capability and colorimetric response to glucose.

Main Results:

The PGA MAP demonstrated successful skin puncture and absorbed 1.40 µL of liquid in 1 minute, with a compression failure force of 0.51 N.
The TMB-functionalized PGA film prevented coffee ring effect and enabled uniform enzyme immobilization.
The sensor exhibited a linear colorimetric response to glucose in the range of 2 to 10 mM, with a detection limit of 0.13 mM.

Conclusions:

A novel, efficient, and accurate colorimetric glucose sensor for ISF has been developed.
The gradient porous PGA MAP facilitates effective ISF extraction.
The TMB-functionalized PGA film provides a stable and sensitive platform for glucose detection, promising for diabetes management.