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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

CELF2-dependent RNA Regulation Supports Cortical Architecture and Synaptic Stability During Early Brain Development.

Ishana Syed1,2, Jing Jiang3, Su-Hyuk Ko1,2

  • 1Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.

Molecular Neurobiology
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The RNA-binding protein CELF2 (CUGBP Elav-like family member 2) is essential for brain development. Loss of CELF2 impairs neuronal maturation and cortical organization, highlighting its role in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Keywords:
Cortical organizationNeurodevelopmentNeuronal maturationRNA-binding proteinsSingle nucleus RNA sequencingSynaptic development

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA regulation is crucial for neurodevelopment.
  • The role of CELF2 (CUGBP Elav-like family member 2) in the developing brain is unclear.
  • CELF2 is an RNA-binding protein involved in splicing and mRNA regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the function of CELF2 in neurodevelopment.
  • Determine the impact of CELF2 loss on brain structure and function.
  • Elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying CELF2's role.

Main Methods:

  • Constitutive Celf2 knockout mouse model.
  • Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing.
  • Histological analysis and functional studies in C. elegans.

Main Results:

  • Celf2 knockout mice exhibit neonatal lethality, impaired neuronal maturation, and disrupted cortical organization.
  • CELF2 loss leads to widespread transcriptional dysregulation and reduced exon inclusion in neurodevelopmental transcripts.
  • Reduced Camk2a transcript and protein levels were observed, with CELF2 binding to Camk2a 3'UTR.

Conclusions:

  • CELF2 is a critical post-transcriptional regulator for neuronal maturation and brain architecture.
  • Disruption of CELF2 function contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • CELF2 plays a conserved role in synaptic maturation.