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Related Concept Videos

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a high...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode
09:19

NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode

Published on: June 4, 2021

Rapid Fragment Screening by 19F Steady-State Free Precession NMR.

Laura Ruduša1,2, Sintija Ozola1, Kostiantyn P Melnykov3,4

  • 1Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Steady-state free precession (SSFP) NMR enhances fragment screening sensitivity. This advanced nuclear magnetic resonance technique significantly speeds up drug discovery by enabling rapid screening of numerous compounds.

Keywords:
SSFPdrug discoveryfragment screening

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Steady-state free precession (SSFP) NMR offers high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratios.
  • SSFP achieves superior performance by continuously detecting transverse magnetization, unlike conventional methods requiring recovery time.
  • Advances in acquisition and processing are driving the adoption of SSFP across various magnetic resonance applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of Fluorine-19 (19F) SSFP for fragment-based screening.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity enhancement and speed improvements offered by 19F SSFP compared to existing methods.
  • To establish 19F SSFP as a robust tool for rapid fragment screening in drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized broadband excitation exceeding 120 kHz.
  • Applied 19F SSFP for fragment-based screening.
  • Compared performance against broadband Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill approaches.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 2.6-3.3-fold average sensitivity enhancement using 19F SSFP.
  • Demonstrated up to a tenfold reduction in experimental time.
  • Enabled reliable screening of up to 2000 compounds per day.

Conclusions:

  • 19F SSFP is a powerful technique for fragment-based screening.
  • The enhanced sensitivity and speed of 19F SSFP significantly accelerate the drug discovery process.
  • 19F SSFP represents a robust and efficient approach for modern drug discovery pipelines.