Feeding morale: Institutional and social dimensions of food for motivation in military training

This study investigates the influence of food on motivation during an 18-week basic military training program. Conceptually, food is considered an extrinsic motivational factor. The analysis is framed by social exchange theory and the concept of psychological contract. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design - combining 34 qualitative interviews with survey data from over 4,200 recruits - the study identifies both institutional and socio-cultural dimensions linking food to short- and long-term motivation. Institutionally, aspects such as food quantity, mealtime structure, and the visible effort of kitchen staff shape recruits' perceptions of fairness and care. Socio-culturally, food is perceived as a reward for effort, a sign of appreciation, and a medium for reinforcing group cohesion through shared meals. The findings demonstrate that food in military settings extends beyond its nutritional function; it is a critical instrument of recognition, structure, and social bonding. The study concludes by providing actionable insights into military leadership and policy development.