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Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

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Deep-sea acoustic shadow-zone ensonification using a phased array and glider-based passive reception.

Zhenjing Zhu1,2, Maofa Wang1,2, Naibin Chen3

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study overcomes deep-sea acoustic shadow zones using phased array emissions and bottom reflection. Experiments verified shadow-zone ensonification, enhancing underwater acoustic system coverage and enabling wider detection ranges.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Acoustics
  • Marine Engineering

Background:

  • Deep-sea applications require continuous wide-area detection and communication.
  • Acoustic shadow zones in deep water cause significant energy loss, limiting underwater acoustic system coverage.
  • Phased array emission with bottom reflection shows promise for shadow-zone ensonification, but requires experimental validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically analyze and experimentally verify the phased array emission sound field in deep-sea conditions.
  • To propose and validate a wide-area observation method using an underwater glider as a passive reception platform.
  • To address limitations in experimental validation and large-scale acoustic field characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted theoretical analysis of phased array emission sound fields.
  • Performed sea trials in the South China Sea at approximately 4310 m depth.
  • Utilized an underwater glider for passive acoustic reception and field characterization.
  • Steered phased array emission angles to achieve shadow-zone ensonification.

Main Results:

  • Achieved shadow-zone ensonification within a horizontal range of 14.5-32.5 km and depth of 58-889 m.
  • Experimentally verified a negative correlation between optimal phased array emission angle and acoustic energy focusing distance.
  • Obtained an acoustic energy gain of ~30 dB at 14.5 km and >14 dB enhancement in far-field/deeper regions.

Conclusions:

  • Phased array emission effectively overcomes deep-sea acoustic shadow zones.
  • The proposed glider-based observation method enables wide-area acoustic field characterization.
  • Experimental results demonstrate significant acoustic energy gain and extended coverage in challenging deep-sea environments.