A review on biosynthesized metal nanoparticles for biomedical and catalytic applications

The development of nanotechnology mainly encompasses with establishment of a technical evolution in every phase of science along with physical, chemical, biological and material science. Nanoparticles synthesized from chemical pathway engendering serious biological risk and toxicity to living organisms. The toxicity of nanoparticles to the natural world mainly caused by synthetic process and small size rang which can easily pass across physiological barrier. Toxicity because of nanoparticle dimensions can't be neglected however, nullification of toxicity due to synthetic pathway can be done by biosynthesis pathway using plants, bacteria, algae, fungus, yeast and viruses as a valuable alternative to non-biological physicochemical method. Among all plant extract-based synthesis is more famous. The phytochemicals present in plant extracts are acted as bio-reductant as well as capping agent. This makes it ecologically effective and toxicity free. In this review, the synthesis method using plant extract is discussed. We also summarized data of some plant mediated nanocrystals with description on synthetic techniques, and characterization techniques. Further, it contains their role and their applications in terms of removal of dye, antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity. This review involves critical evaluation of near about 60 already discussed research papers on plant base nanoparticle synthesis to create fundamental theoretical framework that allows knowledge development for young researchers. We summarized the study of various nanoparticles that will definitely help new researchers to grasp trends and patterns in previously studied nanoparticles. Overall, our review will beneficial for readers to create general interest regarding this emerging field and will encourage to investigate those plants which have not been used in the past.