[Inventory and Distribution Characteristics of Pollutants and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China's Cement Industry]

The cement industry is one of the main sources of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. To reduce such emissions, China has implemented a series of policies on the synergistic reduction of pollutants and CO₂, which have significantly altered the characteristics of pollutants and CO₂ emissions from the cement industry. In this study, a high spatial resolution air pollutant and CO₂ emission inventory for China's cement industry was established for 2023 based on the concentrations from the continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) and unit-level production data from China's National Pollutant Discharge Permit Database (NPDPD). The results indicated that the emissions of PM, SO₂, NO_x, and CO₂ from China's cement industry in 2023 were 24.8, 39.5, 458.6, and 1 000 729.7 kt, respectively. Air pollutant emission hotspot regions were primarily located in Guangxi, Guangdong, and Yunnan, while CO₂ emission hotspot regions were mainly found in Anhui, Guangdong, and Sichuan. From the temporal perspective, the effectiveness of air pollution control policies in China's cement industry has been significant in recent years. In 2023, the annual average pollution concentrations of kiln-head PM, kiln-end PM, SO_2, and NO_x in China's cement industry were 4.41, 4.70, 11.67, and 139.16 mg·m^-3, respectively, which decreased by 55.91%, 65.52%, 51.31%, and 39.15% compared with the concentrations in 2018. From the regional perspective, in 2023, there were significant differences in emission concentrations between provinces, with the eastern and northern regions below the national average emission level. From the pollutant perspective, the emission concentrations of PM and SO₂ have advanced to meet the ultra-low emission standard (ULE) limits, yet the emission concentration of NO_x still needs to be further reduced. These results provide data support for the development of policies for the synergistic control of pollutants and CO₂ in the Chinese cement industry.