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Updated: May 28, 2026

Employing Aeroponic Systems for the Clonal Propagation of Cannabis
03:41

Employing Aeroponic Systems for the Clonal Propagation of Cannabis

Published on: December 1, 2021

An X-linked sex determination mechanism in cannabis and hop

Sarah B Carey1, Philip C Bentz1, John T Lovell1

  • 1HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.

Nature Communications
|May 26, 2026
PubMed

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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Dosage Compensation02:50

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In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
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X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

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