Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation

Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation

Self-evaluation is the process by which individuals assess their abilities, behaviors, and characteristics based on feedback from others. Charles H. Cooley observed that a person’s self-perception is primarily influenced by how others see and judge them. He suggested that individuals form their identities based on their interpretations of others' reactions. As a result, social interactions play a crucial role in shaping self-esteem and personal identity. These external evaluations often blend...

Trait Centrality

Trait Centrality

Trait centrality refers to the degree to which a particular characteristic influences the overall impression of an individual. Some traits exert a disproportionately strong impact on perception, shaping how people interpret other attributes of a person. Solomon Asch first systematically studied this phenomenon in 1946.Asch’s Experiment on Trait CentralityAsch's seminal study demonstrated the centrality of certain traits through a controlled experiment. Participants were presented with a list of...

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection for Improving Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Heart Failure: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.

JMIR research protocols·2026

Same author

Childhood emotional abuse and adolescent anxiety: a moderated mediation model of bullying victimization, perceived teacher legitimacy, and negative legal emotion.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same author

Gemcitabine enhanced the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to anti-PD-L1 therapy by promoting lactylation.

International immunopharmacology·2026

Same author

Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 60 km fiber using an integrated silicon photonic receiver.

Optics letters·2026

Same author

Linking atrial fibrillation to cerebral small vessel disease: a cross-sectional study with predictive analytics.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026

Same author

Valsartan alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by activating fibroblast growth factor 21 in acute liver injury in mice.

Biochemical pharmacology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Measuring patriotic emotional granularity: task-based validation, brief scale development, and cross-method evidence.

Lu Fan¹, Yidan Lu¹, Xinyi Zhu²

¹Department of Psychology, School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.

|May 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Patriotic Emotional Granularity (Patriotic-EG), measuring how individuals differentiate patriotic feelings. Findings show it

Keywords:

Emotional granularity Multitrait-multimethod National identity Patriotic affect Patriotic emotional granularity Scale development

More Related Videos

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Area of Science:

Psychology
Social Psychology
Emotional Science

Background:

Traditional research on patriotic emotion uses global measures, limiting understanding of individual differences in distinguishing patriotism-related feelings.
This study introduces Patriotic Emotional Granularity (Patriotic-EG) to address this gap.
The research examines the measurement of Patriotic-EG using both task-based and self-report methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and measure Patriotic Emotional Granularity (Patriotic-EG).
To develop and validate a task-based measure and a brief self-report scale for Patriotic-EG.
To examine the association between the task-derived and self-report measures of Patriotic-EG.

Main Methods:

Study 1: Developed a "Patriotic Photo Emotion Differentiation" task to assess task-derived Patriotic-EG.
Study 2: Developed and validated a brief 8-item self-report scale for Patriotic-EG using item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.
A bridging subsample examined the correlation between the task-derived index and the self-report scale.

Main Results:

The task-derived Patriotic-EG index correlated with patriotic affect, national identity, and social support.
The 8-item self-report scale demonstrated good internal consistency and factorial validity, correlating with patriotic affect and national identity.
The self-report scale showed incremental validity in predicting civic-affective outcomes and positively correlated with the task-derived measure.

Conclusions:

Patriotic Emotional Granularity (Patriotic-EG) is a measurable construct reflecting individual differences in differentiating patriotic emotions.
Patriotic-EG can be assessed via complementary task-based and self-report methods.
These methods show meaningful, though incomplete, convergence in measuring Patriotic-EG.