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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Quantification of Acanthamoeba spp. Motility
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Published on: September 20, 2024

Acanthamoeba Keratitis: 34-Year Epidemiological Profile.

Saad H AlEnezi1, Shaimaa Mohammed Alrefaie2, Adi Mohammed Al Owaifeer2,3

  • 1Ophthalmology Division, Department of Surgical Specialities, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) predominantly affects young female contact lens users, often leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Despite aggressive interventions, visual outcomes for AK remain suboptimal in many cases.

Keywords:
Saudi Arabiaacanthamoeba keratitisanti-amoebic therapycontact lensmicrobial keratitispenetrating keratoplastyvisual outcome

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe, sight-threatening corneal infection.
  • It is rare but poses a significant risk, particularly to contact lens wearers.
  • Understanding its clinical profile and management is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and outcomes of AK.
  • To analyze a large cohort of AK cases over a 34-year period.
  • To identify challenges in diagnosis and treatment of AK.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 52 microbiologically confirmed AK cases from 1983 to 2017.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, risk factors, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, treatments, and visual acuity.
  • Statistical analysis of clinical and treatment data.

Main Results:

  • The study population comprised young females (mean age 27.7 years; 63.5% female), predominantly soft contact lens users (82.7%) with poor hygiene practices.
  • Common misdiagnosis included nonspecific microbial keratitis (44.2%).
  • Visual acuity improved from logMAR 1.51 to 0.87, but outcomes remained suboptimal for many despite dual anti-Acanthamoeba therapy and surgery.

Conclusions:

  • AK in Saudi Arabia primarily impacts young, female contact lens users, often presenting with diagnostic delays.
  • Misclassification as herpetic or bacterial keratitis is common, highlighting diagnostic challenges.
  • Aggressive medical and surgical treatments are necessary, yet visual outcomes require further improvement.