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Updated: May 28, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
04:30

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Published on: October 25, 2019

Memory-Based or Experience-Based? Subject-Object Asymmetry in Mandarin Relative Clause Processing from the Aging

Xinmiao Liu1, Jiani Shi1, Shengqi Wu2

  • 1National Research Centre for Foreign Language Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show greater difficulty with subject relative clauses (SRCs) compared to object relative clauses (ORCs), suggesting age-related memory decline impacts sentence comprehension.

Keywords:
Mandarin Chineseagingrelative clausessentence processingsubject-object asymmetry

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Sentence Processing

Background:

  • Processing asymmetry between subject relative clauses (SRCs) and object relative clauses (ORCs) is debated.
  • Memory-based and experience-based theories offer contrasting explanations for this asymmetry.
  • Older adults' cognitive profiles (lower memory, higher language experience) are ideal for testing these theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the processing of Mandarin SRCs and ORCs in older and younger adults.
  • To investigate the role of memory and experience in sentence comprehension across the adult lifespan.
  • To determine which theoretical account best explains age-related differences in relative clause processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a self-paced reading paradigm to measure online sentence processing.
  • Compared accuracy and reading times for SRCs and ORCs across age groups.
  • Controlled for strategic trade-offs and task experience to isolate cognitive effects.

Main Results:

  • Both younger and older adults had lower accuracy for SRCs than ORCs.
  • This accuracy difference was more pronounced in older adults.
  • Older adults exhibited slower overall reading times, but no significant interaction between age and relative clause type was observed.
  • Age-related differences were not explained by strategic mechanisms or task experience.

Conclusions:

  • Aging impacts post-interpretive and decision-making stages of sentence comprehension.
  • Online syntactic processing is preserved but globally slowed in older adults.
  • Findings support memory-based accounts, attributing age-related comprehension declines to memory deficits.