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Related Experiment Video

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

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Published on: August 25, 2023

Age Differences in the Relationship Between Interoception and Emotional Processing.

Sophie Cawkwell¹, Kata Pauly-Takacs¹, Katerina Zoe Kolokotroni¹

¹School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

Summary

Older adults show a positivity bias in emotional memory, trusting bodily sensations more. Age-related changes in interoception (sensitivity to bodily signals) influence emotional learning and memory across adulthood.

Keywords:

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory age differences associative memory emotional processing interoception mind–body connection positivity bias

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Gerontology

Background:

Understanding age-related changes in emotional cognition is crucial.
Bodily signals (interoception) may influence emotional learning and memory.
Previous research has not fully explored interoception's role in age-related emotional memory differences.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related differences in interoceptive sensitivity and emotional associative memory.
To examine how interoception relates to emotional associative memory in younger and older adults.
To explore the physiological underpinnings of the positivity bias in aging.

Main Methods:

Forty younger (18-39) and forty older (60-85) adults participated.
Participants completed behavioral and self-report measures of interoceptive sensitivity (accuracy, attention, beliefs, insight).
An emotional face-name associative learning, recall, and recognition task was administered.

Main Results:

No age differences in interoceptive accuracy, attention, or insight were found.
Older adults reported greater trust and less worry regarding bodily sensations (interoceptive beliefs).
Older adults exhibited a positivity bias, recalling happy face-name pairs better; younger adults showed uniform performance.
Interoception-emotion associations differed: young adults' interoceptive attention linked to neutral pair learning, older adults' interoceptive accuracy linked to angry pair recall.

Conclusions:

Age-related differences in emotional associative memory are partly explained by changes in interoceptive processing.
Older adults' selective changes in interoceptive beliefs may contribute to the positivity bias.
Interoception is identified as a physiological factor influencing the positivity bias in aging, extending Socioemotional Selectivity Theory.