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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Modeling in Therapy

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Participant Modeling
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Published on: April 22, 2015

Turn-Taking Transitions in Conversations Among Autistic-Autistic, Non-Autistic-Non-Autistic, and Mixed-Neurotype

Zahra Poursoroush1, Eugene H Buder1,2, Morgan Jameson1

  • 1School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Communication patterns differ between autistic and non-autistic adults. This study found distinct conversational dynamics in matched versus mixed neurotype pairs, supporting the Double Empathy Theory.

Keywords:
Double Empathy Theoryautism spectrum disorderconversational timingpragmatic languageturn-taking

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • The Double Empathy Theory suggests communication challenges between autistic and non-autistic individuals stem from mutual misunderstandings.
  • This theory posits that communication is more effective when individuals share similar neurotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate conversational coordination in autistic-autistic, non-autistic-non-autistic, and mixed-neurotype adult pairs.
  • To determine how neurotype matching or mismatching influences conversational dynamics, including turn-taking, backchannels, temporal alignment, and task performance.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-two autistic and thirty-six non-autistic adults were formed into three dyad types: autistic-autistic, non-autistic-non-autistic, and mixed-neurotype.
  • Pairs completed a virtual tangram task, alternating roles, while their conversations were analyzed using a turn-taking coding scheme.

Main Results:

  • Turn exchanges with gaps were most common across all pairs.
  • Autistic-autistic pairs showed more gapless transitions; mixed-neurotype dyads had longer gaps.
  • Non-autistic-non-autistic pairs used more backchannels, while autistic-autistic pairs engaged in more simultaneous talk.

Conclusions:

  • Conversational turn-taking patterns vary significantly based on neurotype pairings.
  • Findings support the Double Empathy Theory, emphasizing the importance of neurodiversity-informed communication approaches.
  • Results highlight that communication differences are often relational, not solely individual deficits.