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How Bodily Interaction Shapes Creativity: Two Experiments on Direction and Type.

Jiajia Su^1,2, Haosheng Ye²

¹School of Educational Science, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 211200, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a novel mirror game paradigm to explore embodied and enactive metaphors in creativity. Findings reveal synergistic effects of interaction direction and type on both individual and group creativity.

Keywords:

body interaction creativity embodied metaphor enactive metaphor

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Human-Computer Interaction
Creativity Research

Background:

Embodied creativity research faces challenges in experimental design.
Existing frameworks lack a unified approach to embodied and enactive metaphor interactions.
Understanding how physical interaction influences creativity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a mirror game paradigm based on embodied and enactive metaphors.
To investigate the influence of body interaction direction (imitation vs. avoidance) on delayed creativity.
To examine how body interaction type (leader-follower vs. Joint Improvisation) affects immediate and group creativity.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel mirror game experimental paradigm.
Conducted two experiments: virtual human-machine interaction (Experiment 1) and real-life human-human interaction (Experiment 2).
Analyzed the synergistic effects of body interaction direction and type on creativity dimensions.

Main Results:

Experiment 1 showed synergistic effects of interaction direction and type on individual creativity, with Joint Improvisation being advantageous.
Experiment 2 demonstrated synergistic effects of embodied and enactive metaphors on group creativity.
The leader-follower interaction pattern showed significant value in interaction effects for group creativity.

Conclusions:

Embodied and enactive metaphors act as dual mechanisms, offering a theoretical breakthrough for understanding creativity.
The findings span both human-machine and human-human interaction contexts.
The study expands the sense-making function of metaphor theory within enactive cognition for creativity development.