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An Association Among Problematic Smartphone Use, Sleep Quality, Behavioral Engagement and Academic Achievements: A
Da Zhou1, Shuting Liu2, Jinqing Liu3
1Faculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
Summary
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) negatively impacts math achievement. Mathematics behavioral engagement and sleep quality sequentially mediate this relationship in primary students.
Area of Science:
- Educational Psychology
- Child Development
- Digital Media Studies
Background:
- Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a growing concern among adolescents.
- Understanding the factors influencing academic performance in the digital age is crucial.
- Previous research has not fully elucidated the mediating pathways between PSU and math achievement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the mediating roles of sleep quality and mathematics behavioral engagement.
- To investigate the relationship between PSU and mathematics achievement.
- To control for gender and socioeconomic status (SES) in fourth-grade students.
Main Methods:
- Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for data analysis.
- A sample of 1645 fourth-grade students from southern China participated.
- Data collection involved math tests and online questionnaires on PSU, sleep quality, and engagement.
Main Results:
- PSU was negatively correlated with mathematics achievement.
- Mathematics behavioral engagement significantly mediated the PSU-achievement link.
- Sleep quality and engagement sequentially mediated the association between PSU and math performance.
- Boys and students from lower SES backgrounds reported higher PSU.
Conclusions:
- Mathematics behavioral engagement and sleep quality are key mediators in the negative impact of PSU on math achievement.
- Interventions targeting sleep and engagement may mitigate PSU's adverse effects on academic performance.
- Findings highlight the complex interplay between digital habits, well-being, and educational outcomes in primary students.
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