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Effects of Puberty and First Insemination Parameters on Lifetime Reproductive Performance in Replacement Gilts.

Junwen Wang^1,2, Jiajian Tan³, Haiqing Sun³

¹College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|May 27, 2026

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Optimizing gilt puberty and insemination timing improves reproductive success and retention rates. Key factors include age at puberty, backfat thickness, and insemination age for better long-term performance in replacement gilts.

Area of Science:

Animal Science
Reproductive Biology
Swine Production

Background:

Replacement gilts are crucial for herd productivity.
Reproductive performance and retention rates significantly impact economic returns in swine operations.
Understanding factors influencing gilt reproductive longevity is essential for efficient breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of age, body weight, and backfat thickness at puberty and first insemination on gilt reproductive performance and retention.
To identify optimal management parameters for enhancing long-term reproductive success in replacement gilts.
To analyze the relationship between gilt characteristics and reproductive outcomes across multiple parities.

Main Methods:

Analysis of reproductive performance and retention data from 3025 DanBred gilts up to the fifth parity.

Keywords:

first insemination parameters lifetime reproductive performance puberty parameters replacement gilts retention rate

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Classification of gilts based on age, body weight, and backfat thickness at puberty and first insemination.

Application of multiple regression analysis to determine associations between gilt parameters and reproductive outcomes.

Main Results:

Estrus detection rate was 88.36% and insemination success rate was 87.63%.
Retention rates decreased from 85.10% (parity 1) to 36.36% (parity 5).
Age at puberty negatively correlated with litter size, while backfat thickness positively correlated. Optimal puberty (190-199 days) and insemination (210-219 days, second estrus) parameters enhanced piglet production and retention.

Conclusions:

Optimal age at puberty and backfat thickness at puberty and first insemination are critical for maximizing reproductive performance and retention in replacement gilts.
Strategic management of gilt development and insemination timing can significantly improve long-term productivity and reduce culling rates.
These findings provide valuable insights for swine producers to enhance breeding efficiency and profitability.