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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy
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Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy

Published on: January 12, 2024

Split Reporter Systems in Viral Protein-Protein Interactions and Multimerization: Mechanisms and Applications.

Haseeb Ahmad1, Faizan Masood1, Uzair Iqbal1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

Cells
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Split reporter systems enable the study of viral protein-protein interactions (PPIs), crucial for virus replication. These quantitative assays aid in discovering antiviral drugs targeting these essential viral PPIs.

Keywords:
NanoBiTSplit reporter systemsantiviral drug discoveryhigh-throughput screeningluciferase complementationprotein-fragment complementationviral assemblyviral protein multimerizationviral protein–protein interactions

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy
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Published on: January 12, 2024

Multimer-PAGE: A Method for Capturing and Resolving Protein Complexes in Biological Samples
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A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies
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A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies

Published on: July 24, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are vital for viral replication, controlling assembly, genome packaging, and maturation.
  • Studying viral PPIs is challenging and they represent underexploited therapeutic targets.
  • Split reporter systems offer quantitative methods to measure PPIs via protein-fragment complementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application and significance of split reporter systems in studying viral protein-protein interactions.
  • To highlight the utility of these systems in drug discovery for antiviral therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing split reporter systems (e.g., β-lactamase, luciferase, fluorescent proteins) to detect PPIs.
  • Applying these systems in vitro and in live cells to study dynamic and multimeric interactions.
  • Employing split reporter assays for high-throughput screening of small-molecule inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated application in studying interactions of HIV-1, flaviviruses, hepatitis B virus, and chikungunya virus proteins.
  • Split reporter assays provide a functional readout linked to viral replication.
  • These systems enable the screening for inhibitors disrupting viral PPIs and multimerization.

Conclusions:

  • Split reporter systems are sensitive and versatile tools for interrogating viral protein interactions.
  • These assays support the development of novel antiviral therapeutics by targeting viral PPIs.
  • Assay optimization and protein stability are key factors influencing performance.