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Integration of 2D and 3D Imaging Descriptors with Large Language Models for Assessing Pediatric Foreign-Body

Dario Gregori1,2, Cinzia Anna Maria Papappicco1,2,3, Dario Vucinic1

  • 1Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
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This study introduces a new method using 3D scanning and AI to assess foreign-body aspiration risks in children. The approach objectively evaluates object shape and size, improving safety standards and prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Background:

  • Foreign-body aspiration (FBA) is a frequent, preventable pediatric emergency.
  • Current risk assessment relies on limited object size and anecdotal data.
  • Need for objective methods to evaluate FBA hazards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a workflow for objective FBA risk assessment.
  • Integrate 3D scanning, radiomic features, and large language models (LLMs).
  • Support product design, safety policies, and caregiver education.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D scanning and 2D imaging of retrieved objects from registries.
  • Computed morphometric descriptors (volume, sphericity, etc.) from 3D models.
Keywords:
3D/2D imaging analysisaspiration risk assessmentforeign-body aspirationinjury preventionlarge language modelspediatric airwaypediatric safetyradiomic features

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  • Applied LLM reasoning for risk interpretation and narrative synthesis.
  • Main Results:

    • Developed a method combining 2D/3D morphometry with LLM analysis.
    • Demonstrated objective assessment of FBA risks based on object characteristics.
    • Case study illustrated high-risk potential of an irregular object.

    Conclusions:

    • The integrated approach offers objective FBA hazard assessment.
    • Potential to enhance product safety and inform prevention strategies.
    • Facilitates improved caregiver education on aspiration risks.