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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

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Neurotransmitters in Auditory Processing Disorders and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Common Neurobiological

Andrea Bianchino¹, Andrea Migliorelli¹, Marianna Manuelli¹

¹ENT and Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

Summary

Children with auditory processing disorders (APDs) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) may share underlying neurotransmitter imbalances. This suggests a common neurochemical vulnerability contributing to their overlapping symptoms.

Keywords:

GABAergic inhibition auditory processing disorder central auditory processing dopaminergic system excitation–inhibition balance glutamatergic transmission neurodevelopmental disorders serotonergic system

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

Auditory processing disorders (APDs) involve impaired neural processing of sound, often co-occurring with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
These co-occurring conditions can lead to difficulties in language, attention, and learning.
Shared neurotransmitter systems are increasingly recognized as a potential common neurobiological basis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and integrate evidence on glutamatergic, GABAergic, and monoaminergic systems in pediatric NDDs and APDs.
To evaluate the hypothesis that neurotransmitter dysregulation underlies the clinical overlap between NDDs and APDs.

Main Methods:

A narrative literature review was performed.
Searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase up to December 31, 2025.
Keywords included neurotransmitters, NDDs, and APDs.

Main Results:

Imbalances in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission are implicated in NDDs and may affect auditory processing.
Altered neural synchrony, sensory gating, and temporal auditory coding are potential mechanisms.
Evidence supports the hypothesis of shared neurotransmitter dysregulation in NDDs and APDs.

Conclusions:

Auditory processing difficulties may reflect sensory manifestations of shared neurochemical vulnerabilities in neurodevelopmental conditions.
Further longitudinal and multimodal research is necessary.
Identifying clinically useful biomarkers for these conditions is a future goal.