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Related Concept Videos

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

A three-dimensional force system refers to a scenario in which three forces act simultaneously in three different directions. This type of problem is commonly encountered in physics and engineering, where it is necessary to calculate the resultant force on the system, which can then be used to predict or analyze the behavior of the object or structure under consideration.
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...
Three-Dimensional Force System01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System

In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...
Two-Dimensional Force System: Problem Solving01:29

Two-Dimensional Force System: Problem Solving

Solving problems related to two-dimensional force systems is an essential aspect of mechanics and engineering. By applying the principles of vector analysis and force equilibrium, one can determine the effect of multiple forces acting on an object in a two-dimensional space.
The first step to solving a two-dimensional force system problem is to draw a free-body diagram of the object under consideration. This diagram helps identify all the external forces acting on the object, including their...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Machines: Problem Solving II01:30

Machines: Problem Solving II

Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.
Support Reactions in Three Dimensions01:27

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
Ball and Socket Joint is one of the supports allowing free rotation about any axis. This freedom of rotation is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
09:32

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Optimization of Exoskeleton Assistance Function Based on Physics-Guided Dynamic Fusion Model.

Haochen Tian1, Jiaxin Wang2, Shijie Guo1,2

  • 1Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new physics-guided method for personalized hip exoskeleton assistance, significantly reducing muscle loading and metabolic cost for enhanced mobility and rehabilitation.

Keywords:
joint moment estimationneural networkpersonalized assistanceprofile optimizationsoft exoskeleton

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
09:46

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

Published on: June 16, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Biomechanics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Wearable lower-limb exoskeletons offer potential for mobility enhancement, metabolic cost reduction, and rehabilitation support.
  • Current exoskeleton assistance methods often lack personalization, biomechanical interpretability, and require complex tuning.
  • Effective human-exoskeleton cooperation necessitates assistance tailored to individual biomechanical principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel
  • Physics-guided perception and physiology-driven optimization
  • approach for personalized hip exoskeleton assistance.

Main Methods:

  • A Physics-guided Dynamic Fusion Model (PDFM) was developed, integrating Newton-Euler dynamics, LSTM, and NTM to estimate hip joint moments without ground reaction forces.
  • Biomechanical models were used as complementary fusion factors within the PDFM, differing from conventional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs).
  • Assistance profiles were individually optimized using Bayesian optimization based on multi-muscle surface electromyography (sEMG) data.

Main Results:

  • The PDFM achieved high accuracy in estimating multi-plane hip joint moments (correlation coefficients > 0.92, rRMSE < 10%) and outperformed single-network baselines.
  • The optimized exoskeleton assistance significantly reduced target muscle loading by 49.31% and metabolic cost by 14.75% compared to unassisted walking.
  • Further reductions of 23.64% in muscle loading and 5.74% in metabolic cost were observed compared to pre-optimized assistance profiles.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers a biomechanically interpretable and personalized approach to hip exoskeleton assistance.
  • This method successfully reduced physiological load and metabolic demand in healthy adults during exoskeleton-assisted walking.
  • The study provides a validated foundation for the clinical translation of personalized exoskeleton technology.