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Necrotizing Fasciitis in Switzerland: Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes Based on a 12-Year Retrospective Study.
Annina M C Fürer1, Athanasios Papanikolaou2, Mihai Constantinescu2,3
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 27, 2026
Summary
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) outcomes are linked to patient factors like age, kidney disease, and smoking. Early identification of high-risk individuals is crucial for timely, aggressive intervention in NF cases.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Surgical Pathology
Background:
- Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, rapidly progressing soft tissue infection often affecting extremities.
- Despite advancements, NF remains complex due to comorbidities and diverse pathogens.
- Understanding risk factors and outcomes is vital for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of NF in Switzerland.
- To differentiate outcomes and management strategies for polymicrobial versus monomicrobial NF.
- To identify key patient characteristics associated with specific NF infection types and mortality.
Main Methods:
- Monocentric retrospective study of 75 patients with intraoperatively confirmed NF (2010-2022).
- Data collected on demographics, clinical variables, comorbidities, and laboratory results.
- Statistical analyses (univariate and multivariate) used to assess mortality associations.
Main Results:
- Lower extremities were the most common NF site (52%).
- Nearly all patients (99%) had comorbidities; advanced age correlated with higher mortality (OR 3.80).
- Kidney disease and smoking linked to polymicrobial NF (OR 6.60 and 5.60, respectively); trauma associated with monomicrobial *Streptococcus pyogenes* infections (OR 8.10).
Conclusions:
- Advanced age, trauma, kidney disease, and smoking are significant factors influencing NF outcomes and infection patterns.
- Findings emphasize the need for early identification of high-risk individuals in the Swiss NF population.
- Recognizing risk profiles aids clinicians in prioritizing rapid, aggressive interventions for improved patient outcomes.
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