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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
09:21

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Published on: August 25, 2022

Effects of Mind-Muscle Connection on Muscle Activity During Machine-Based Shoulder Press in Untrained Individuals.

Donghee Kim1, Jonggeun Woo1, Seungryeol Lee1

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mind-muscle connection (MMC) enhances specific muscle activation during machine shoulder presses. Focusing on the deltoid or triceps brachii increased their respective muscle activity without affecting other muscles.

Keywords:
electromyographymachine-based shoulder pressmind–muscle connectionmuscle activityresistance training

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07:53

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Published on: September 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Neuromuscular Control
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Mind-muscle connection (MMC) involves directing attention to specific muscles to increase neural activation.
  • Understanding MMC's effects is crucial for optimizing resistance training strategies.
  • Untrained individuals may benefit significantly from targeted attentional strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of MMC on muscle activity during machine shoulder presses.
  • To compare deltoid (DT) and triceps brachii (TB) focused MMC on untrained individuals.
  • To assess the impact of MMC on non-target muscle (upper trapezius - UT) activation.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-one untrained adults performed machine shoulder presses at 40% of 1RM.
  • Three conditions were tested: no focus, DT-focused MMC, and TB-focused MMC.
  • EMG activity of DT, TB, and UT was recorded and analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction between muscle and MMC condition was found (p < 0.001).
  • DT activity increased significantly in the DT-focused condition.
  • TB activity increased significantly in the TB-focused condition.
  • No significant differences in UT activity were observed across conditions (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • MMC selectively enhances target muscle activation during machine-based exercises.
  • This strategy shows potential for improving neuromuscular recruitment in untrained individuals.
  • Further research is needed to explore long-term strength and functional benefits.