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Mouse Model of Graves' Orbitopathy in Current Research and Future Perspectives
Gyeong Min Lee1, Wook Hyun Jung2, Yeseul Kim3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea.
None:
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a representative extrathyroidal manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease. Despite extensive research, the precise pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the lack of an ideal animal model has limited in vivo investigation, with most studies relying on in vitro systems using orbital fibroblasts. In this review, we discuss currently available mouse models of GO and recent advances in experimental modeling strategies, aiming to provide an integrated framework for future research.

